Frequently asked questions about the eastern border barrier fence

Most asked questions

• Why will the fence be built?

  Finland prepares for widespread influencing that has been encountered in eastern Europe countries in recent years. The barrier fence improves our border surveillance here and now. It supports the management of disruptions at the border in a significant manner.

  In practice, a physical border fence is necessary in exceptional situations, in which instrumentalised or otherwise widespread illegal migration would take place at the border. The barrier fence reduces Finland’s dependence on the effectiveness of Russian border control.  

• What are the costs of the fence and what do they consist of?

  The total cost of the project is estimated at approximately 380 million euros. They consist of the material and construction costs of the barrier fence, road and surveillance system.

  A road will be built next to the fence, wetlands are crossed by pontoon road and geo net solutions, trees are removed and foundations for the fence are laid. 
   
  Camera posts and surveillance cameras are installed every 50 metres. Electricity and telecommunication cables are installed for the barrier fence and electricity and data connections are procured. In many places, the installation distances are long. Alternative power sources are installed in order to improve the disruption resilience. The data system used in processing alarm data will be renewed.

  The barrier fence improves monitoring of territorial integrity as well as border surveillance during normal conditions. Possible violations of the territorial integrity will be detected more easily than in the current situation in the areas where the fence will be, and the fence prevents the person who is responsible for the violation from immediately entering deeper into Finland through terrain.

• What are the technical characteristics of the border barrier fence like?

  The barrier fence is approximately four metres tall, in total: a three-meter tall chain-link fence with two cylinder formed obstacles on the top. Solid and deep foundations and heavy fence posts withstand the impact of an inrushing crowd. The structure of the fence elements prevents immediate passage. The solutions are at least at the same level as the fences in the Baltic countries, for instance.

  The Finnish Border Guard is able to rapidly respond to any attempts to climb over, get through or dig under the barrier fence. The technical surveillance system will send an alarm and, by using the road, the patrols quickly reach the said location.

  The more specific details are classified by the authorities. 

  

   

• Will the fence prevent a military attack?

  The fence is not built for military defence purposes.

• What is the eastern border barrier fence like in comparison to barrier fences in other countries?

  There are border barrier fences in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, to name a few. Their basic solutions, measurements and construction is highly similar to the barrier fence in Finland.

• What is the project schedule?

  The pilot will be carried out in 2022–2023, the most important target areas will be implemented in 2024–2025 and the rest of the barrier fence will be built in 2025–2026.

   

• Why will it take 3-4 years to build the fence?

  In Finland, the terrain and weather conditions are demanding. The terrain varies and can present significant challenges for construction, and, in addition, the Finnish winter is long.

  Furthermore, it is best to implement the construction of the barrier fence through multiple, reasonably-sized contracts. Moreover, it is not just a matter of building a road and a fence, as implementing the technical surveillance will also take its time.

  Furthermore, before anything else can be done, there are hundreds of property owners within the border zone who must be contacted and served with the decisions in accordance with the Border Guard Act.

  Finally, a lot of time must also be reserved for the tendering process in connection to the project. Due to all of these factors, the construction will take several years.

• Why build a fence instead of increasing staff at the border, for example?

  Other solutions, such as increasing staff and technical surveillance, are neither cheaper nor as effective in reducing dependence on Russia. For example, if large-scale illegal entry took place in the absence of a barrier fence, nearly a thousand extra border guards would be needed. Training such a large number of staff would take around ten years, and these staff would not then be utilised in normal conditions.

   

• Will the fence prevent people from seeking asylum at the border?

  The barrier fence will not prevent asylum seekers from applying for asylum. On the contrary, it will allow asylum seekers arriving by land to more quickly obtain official assistance.

  A barrier fence is necessary in order to manage situations where asylum applications are concentrated at one or more border crossing points. Such situations could involve, for example, an exceptionally large number of migrants arriving in a short space of time or the instrumentation of migration by a state or another party.

  The decision of concentrating asylum applications is made by the Government. 

   

• How can companies participate in supplying barrier fence materials and carrying out construction work?

  The barrier fence project will mainly be carried out in a restricted procedure, in accordance with the Public Defence and Security Procurements Act (1531/2011). The Finnish Border Guard will publish a public notice of procurement, and those who are interested may request a permission to participate. Only candidates chosen by the Finnish Border Guard may tender.

  The Finnish Border Guard publishes details of its procurements at: hankintailmoitukset.fi.

   

• Who decided to build this fence?

  The Government, at the proposal by the Finnish Border Guard and the Ministry of the Interior, has decided on the construction of a barrier fence on the eastern border. This decision was made under parliamentary consensus. 

   

• How will the project affect the relations between Finnish and Russian border authorities?

  The cooperation of Finland and Russia has been agreed in state treaties. The barrier fence will not in any way change the established practice of cooperation. Finland’s solution does not differ from the solution of Russia.

   

• How does the NATO membership affect the Finnish Border Guard’s operation?

  The Finnish Border Guard’s main duties are border security, safety and security at the sea and military defence. Maintaining border security is a task of law enforcement authorities and it is developed as a part of EU’s integrated border management. Maintaining safety at the sea is based on international agreements that bind Finland. NATO is not responsible for tasks related to border security and safety and security at the sea, thus their organization remain the same. 

  The military integration into NATO will be carried out with the lead of the Finnish Defence Forces. The process will continue for years and it may even affect the Finnish Border Guard’s duties within the military defence. The detailed impact will be ascertained during this process. 

• What does instrumentalised migration mean?

  Instrumentalisation of migration refers to a situation where the entry is facilitated by another state. In this case, the migrants are used to direct political pressure on Finland.

• There is conflicting evidence about the benefits of barrier fences. Why then is tax money being used for such a project?

  A barrier fence at the eastern border is needed in the current security situation, as it will boost the Finnish Border Guard’s border control capacity at the eastern border during normal conditions, disturbances and emergency conditions. It will be one new, permanent additional element in the implementation of border control and in the operational activities.

  It prevents illegal entry, speeds up the detection and apprehension of persons crossing the border illegally, enables the prevention of large-scale and instrumentalised entry, and enhances regional surveillance and the prevention of territorial violations.

  A physical barrier fence is essential in situations of widespread migration, where it serves to slow down and guide the movements of any crowds that form.

  The barrier fence makes it possible to prevent people from entering Finland in a situation where the Government has decided to centralise applications for international protection.

Location and surroundings

• If the eastern border is only partially fenced, could this lead to illegal border crossing simply shifting to unfenced areas?

  The barrier fence is not built to prevent individual illegal border crossings, but to prevent instrumentalised or other illegal migration. Even though the barrier fence improves detection of individual illegal border crossings and arresting the said persons, it will not prevent all of them.

  The barrier fence will be built on areas where the instrumentalised migration is likely be greatest. There are widespread wilderness areas along the 1,340 kilometres long eastern border of Finland, especially on the Russian side, where widespread instrumentalised migration is so unlikely that it is not sensible to build a fence on these areas.

   

• Where will the barrier fence be built?

  In the beginning, the barrier fence will be built in areas of highest risk, i.e. in practice at border crossing points and neighbouring areas. Later, the aim is to extend the barrier fence to areas with other passages across the border or in the vicinity.

   

• How has consideration been given to the movement of animals across the border?

  Animals will be able to enter through unfenced areas or through gateways or openings intentionally integrated into the fence. Water systems and culverts that pass under the fence and road will also provide routes for animals.

  Open gates will ensure animals can pass through the fence.  These gates will be monitored by camera surveillance. The environmental assessment of the project will be utilised in the more detailed planning of the locations of animal gates. If the border situation so requires, the gates can be closed.

   

• How have environmental factors such as nature reserves been taken into account in the fence construction plans?

  The planning of the route for the fence gives consideration to nature reserves, skirting around them where possible. An environmental report on the barrier fence has been commissioned from an external expert. The findings of this report will be taken into account in the more detailed fence planning work. 

• Can different water bodies be circumvented, i.e. by building the fence further away from the border, even outside of the border zone?

  Only if an agreement can be reached with the landowner. The legislation only sets obligations for owners of land or water areas that are located in the border zone.

  (Border Guard Act (15.7.2005/578) section 50 (8.7.2022/698) Barriers: The owner or holder of land or water areas within the border zone is obliged to permit the construction of a fence or other type of barrier, at the state’s expense, if this is necessary for the maintenance of border management.)
   

• How large a problem is the fragmentation of the terrain, or can the desired result be achieved with a shorter fence and technical surveillance?

  The fragmentation of the terrain is not considered to be a significant problem. No fence will be built by the lakes and major rivers, since they are areas that are unlikely to be used in large-scale illegal migration into Finland. Challenging terrain can be circumvented while staying within the border zone. In addition, possible gaps in the barrier fence can be strengthened or the barrier fence can be prolonged with temporary barrier appliance solutions.

• Roughly 15% of the border would be fenced, which would mean a maximum length of approximately 200 kilometres. What is the basis for these calculations?

  Fencing the entire land border would be neither cost-effective nor sensible. A significant portion of Finland’s border is difficult for large groups of people to reach.

  The plans involve building the barrier fence in areas where, based on a risk analysis, the need is likely to be greatest.

   

• Is the owner or holder of the land or water area obliged to permit the construction of the fence at the expense of the state?

  This matter is covered in sections 50 and 50a of the Border Guard Act (578/2005). The owner or holder of land or water areas within the border zone are obliged to permit i) the construction of a fence or other barrier, at the state’s expense, if this is necessary for the maintenance of border management (border barrier), ii) the construction of the barrier trail, iii) the removal of trees and other vegetation that hinder the construction and maintenance of the barrier, the barrier trail, or the border road and iv) the carrying out of essential earthmoving and water construction work.

  Border barriers may not be constructed in areas of domestic peace as defined in chapter 24 and section 11 of the Penal Code. Under international agreements binding on Finland, fair compensation shall be paid to the owner or holder of the land or water area for the damage and inconvenience caused by a border barrier constructed elsewhere than at the edge of the open area at the Finnish border.

  Decisions made under sections 50 and 50a can be appealed at the Administrative Court. The decisions can be enforced, however, even if such an appeal has been made.